Edward III PLANTAGENET, KING OF ENGLAND HRH

                   Note: Reigned 1327-1377. Edward assumed effective power in 1330 after imprisoning
his mother and executing her lover Roger de Mortimer who had murdered his
father; therafter his reign was dominated by military adventures. His victory
in Scotland, especially at Haildon Hill 1333 encouraged him to plan (1363) the
union of England and Scotland. Through his mother he claimed theFrench throne
thus starting (1337) the Hundred Years War.
The institution of The Order of the Garter is probably the finest contribution Edward made to his reign, for the Most Noble Order of the Garter is today considered the highest in the world. The emblem of the order, the garter, is a dark blue ribbon edged with gold bearing the motto and with a buckle and pendant of gold richly chased, worn on the left leg below the knee. The mantle is of blue velvet, the length of the train distinguishing the king, the surcoat and hood is of crimson velvet, the hat of black velvet with a plume of white ostrich feathers, having in the center a tuft of black herons' feathers and fastened to the hat with a band of diamonds. The collar of gold consisting of 26 pieces, each in the form of a garter, with a pendant--a figure of St. George of Cappadocia fighting the dragon. Proud indeed may he be who can trace his ancestry to one of the original knights.
The Most Noble Order of the Garter founders were, besides King Edward, as follows:
1. Edward, the Black Prince.
2. Henry Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster.
3. Thomas Beauchamp, 3rd Earl of Warwick.
4. John de Grailly.
5. Ralph de Stafford, Earl of Stafford.
6. William Montacute, 2nd Earl of Salisbury.
7. Sir Roger Mortimer, 2nd Earl of March.
8. Sir John Lisle, Lord Lisle of Rougemont.
9. Sir Bartholomew de Burghersh, Lord Burghersh.
10. Sir John Beauchamp, Lord Beauchamp of Warwick.
11. John, Lord Mohun of Dunster.
12. Sir Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent.
13. Sir Hugh Courtney.
14. John, Lord Grey of Rotherfield.
15. Sir Richard Fitz-Simon.
16. Sir Miles Stapleton.
17. Sir Thomas Wade.
18. Sir Hugh Wrottesley.
19. Sir Nele Larying.
20. Sir John Chandos.
21. Sir James Audley.
22. Sir Otho Holland.
23. Sir Henry Eam.
24. Sir Sauchet D'Abrichecourt.
25. Sir Walter Pavely.
b. 13 November 1312, Windsor Castle, Windsor, County Berkshire,England, d. 21 July 1377, Richmond, Shere Palace, County Surrey,England; m. 24 January 1328, County York, England, Phillipa, ofHainault, b. 1313, France, d. 14 August 1369, England, daughterof Guillaume III, Count of Holland and Hainault, and his wife,Joanna, Joan, of Valois, daughter of Charles, Count of Valois,and grand daughter of Phillipe III, King of France, (On St.George's Day, 23 April 1344, there was founded at Windsor byEdward III, King of England, the most illustrious Order ofBritish Knighthood, the Most Noble Order of the Garter. It hasranked as the highest dignity of Knighthood. Edward III, King ofEngland, succeeded to the throne in 1327, upon the depositionand murder of his father Edward II. See Edward II for more indepth information regarding this topic.) Text in Bold was takenfrom source C
Sources:
A.) Pedigrees of some of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants,Volume I, (1941) Marcellus Donald R. von Redlich, pages xiii,xiv, 64, 81, 141, 150, 168, 175, 179, 199, 208, 244, 266, 268, &218
B.) Magna Charta, Parts I&II, (1945) John S. Wurts, pages 63,84, 168, 193, & 220
C.) The Kings and Queens of England, (1974) Jane Murray, pages161-166
D.) Pedigrees of some of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants,Volume II, (1974) Aileen Lewers Langston and Orton Buck Jr.,pages 12, 215, 218, 229, 233, 268, 307, & 308
E.) Pedigrees of some of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants,Volume III, (1978) J. Orton Buck, Jr. and Timothy Field Beard,pages 105, 110, 118, & 132
F.) The Plantagenet Ancestry, Lt. Colonel W.H. Turtyon, D.S.O.
G.) Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe, Jim Louda &Michael Maclagan, throughout
H.) The Magna Charta Sureties 1215, (1991) Frederick Lewis Weis,Th.D., page 160
Edward III (1312-1377), King of England (1327-1377), who initiated the long, drawn-out struggle with France called The Hundred Years' War.
Edward was born at Windsor on November 13, 1312, the elder son of King Edward II, of the house of Plantagenet. Involved by his mother, Isabella of France, in her intrigues against his father, he was proclaimed King after the latter was forced to abdicatein 1327. During Edward's minority, England was nominally ruled by a council of regency, but the actual power was in the handsof Isabella and her paramour, Roger de Mortimer. In 1330, however, the young King staged a palace coup and took the power into his own hands. He had Mortimer hanged and confined his mother to her home.
Edward began a series of wars almost directly after he had control of England. Taking advantage of civil war in Scotland in1333, he invaded the country, defeated the Scots at HalidonHill, England, and restored Edward de Baliol to the throne ofScotland. Baliol, however, was soon deposed, and later attemptsby Edward to establish him permanently as king of Scotland were unsuccessful. In 1337 France came to the aid of Scotland. This action was the culminating point in a series of disagreements between France and England, and Edward declared war on Philip VI of France. In 1340 the English fleet destroyed a larger French fleet off Sluis, the Netherlands. The action resulted in a truce that, although occasionally disturbed, lasted for six years.
War broke out again in 1346. Edward, accompanied by his eldest son, Edward The Black Prince, invaded Normandy (Normandie) and won a great victory over France in the Battle of Crâ[euro]scy. He captured Calais in 1347, and a truce was reestablished. Edward returned to England, where he maintained one of the most magnificent courts in Europe. The war with France was renewed in1355, and again the English armies were successful. The Peace of Calais, in 1360, gave England all of Aquitaine, and Edward in return renounced his claim, first made in 1328, to the French throne.
Edward continued to assert his will both domestically and abroad. In 1363 he concluded an agreement with his brother-in-law, David II of Scotland, uniting the two kingdoms in the event of David's death without male issue. Three yearslater Edward repudiated the papacy's feudal supremacy over England, held in fief since 1213. He renewed his war with France, disavowing the Peace of Calais. This time, however, theEnglish armies were unsuccessful. After the truce of 1375, Edward retained few of his previously vast possessions in France.
The King had, by this time, become senile. He was completely in the power of an avaricious mistress, Alice Perrers, who, along with his fourth son, John of Gaunt, dominated England. Perrers was banished by Parliament in 1376, and Edward himself died at Sheen (now Richmond) on June 21, 1377. He was succeeded by his grandson, Richard II.
Edward III, Microsoftr Encartar Encyclopedia 2000. c 1993-1999Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Reigned as King of France and England from 1327 to 1377. He bore thecombined
arms of England and France as blazoned  herewith and was the firstEnglish
King to bear a crest. It was he, who initiated the long, drawn-outstruggle
with France called The Hundred Years War.
Sources include but are not limited to:
Ancestral File and the IGI, International Genealogical Index,both
resource systems developed and solely owned by The Church of JesusChrist of
Latter Day Saints.
See also;
Welles and Allied Families
http://www.crossmyt.com/hc/gen/edw3chrt.html
King of England Edward III England is the 20th great grandfather of Val John Jennings.
See Note Page
Eric Delderfield:
Edward was hastily crowned king when his father was deposed by his mother and Roger de Mortimer.  His marriage to Philippa of Hainault in 1328 was arranged before his coronation, and it was a further two years before he took control of the government, ordering the arrest of Mortimer at Nottingham and the imprisonment of his mother.  Mortimer was hanged at Tyburn, and his mother was banished to Castle Rising in Norfolk where she spent the last twenty-eight years of her life.
The main interest of the long reign of Edward III lies in the opening stages of the Hundred Years War with France.  Ostensibly the war began, in 1337, to support Edward's claim to the French throne (a claim not surrendered until 1802), a pretnece marked by Edward's quartering of the lilies of France beside the leopards of England on his coat of arms. In reality the war was, in origin, an attempt to retain control of Gascony and the wine trade centered on Bordeaux; and to keep open the connections between the English wool traders and the woolen markets of Flanders. Sluys (1340), a naval battle, gave England control of the Channel.  Though spectacular victories, neither Crecy (1346) not Poitiers (1356) achieved much in the longer term.  Calais, after twelve months' siege (1347) passed into English hands for the next hundred years.  It was in this phase of the war that the king's eldest son, Edward (1330-1376), known to history as the 'Black Prince' (either because of the color of his armor or, more likely, because of his foul Angevin temper), covered himself with glory.
The outbreak of bubonic plague, the 'Black Death', in 1348-50 removed a third of the population of England and undermined military strength.  Originating in China and affecting the whole of Europe, the plague entered England through Melcombe Regis (now Weymouth) in 1348, and soon reached Bristol, Oxford, and London.  It inevitably raised the price of labor and weakened further the waning feudal system.  In 1360 the Treaty of Bretigny brought the war to a close.  When Edward III died in 1377, all that was left of the English conquests were five fortified towns and the coastal lands around them.
Hostilities with Scotland were also resumed when Edward tried to bring an end to Scottish independence.  Supporting Edward Baliol's coronation in 1332, Edward invaded Scotland to defeat his rival, David II, at Halidon Hill near Berwick, but within five months Baliol had to flee.  In 1346 David invaded England while Edward was fighting in France; Queen Philippa proved equal to the occasion by raising an army which defeated and captured David at Neville's Cross near Durham.
After Queen Philippa's death in 1369, Edward retreated to Windsor where he became increasingly senile.  Public finances were in a parlous state.  Edward's rapacious mistress Alice Perrers helped to erode the residual goodwill of the people, and the sadness caused by the death of the Black Prince clouded his last years.  He relinquished government to his fourth son John of Gaunt [our ancestor], and reputedly died alone.
During Edward's long reign, many changes took place in England. Parliament, now divided into two houses, met regularly to vote supplies for the conduct of the war.  'Treason' was defined by statute for the first time in 1352.  The office of JP was created in 1361.  In 1362 English replaced French as the official language of the law courts. Within twenty years John Wycliffe and the Lollards (the first 'protestants') were aiding their cause with the first 'English' translation of the Bible, and already Chaucer was writing 'English' masterpieces.  The new merchant class and the spread of lay learning were building a national civilization.
Facts about this person:
Record Change  December 06, 1999
Burial    1377
Westminster (London), England
Reigned 1327-1377. Edward assumed effective power in 1330 after
imprisoning h is mother and executing her lover Roger de Mortimer who had
murdered his fath er; thereafter his reign was dominated by military
adventures. His victory in Scotland, especially at Haildon Hill 1333
encouraged him to plan (1363) the union of England and Scotland. Through
his mother he claimed the French thron e
thus starting (1337) the Hundred years war. His son John of Gaunt
dominate d the government during his last years. Died of a Stroke.